Foot & Ankle

Foot and ankle deformities encompass a range of conditions that affect the structure and alignment of the lower extremities.

Extremely flat feet, or pes planus, involve a minimal or absent arch, leading to overpronation and potential discomfort. On the opposite end, extremely high arches, or pes cavus, result from an exaggerated arch, often causing instability and pain. Clubfoot is a congenital deformity where the foot points downward and inward, requiring early intervention for correction.

These conditions can affect mobility, balance, and overall foot function. Treatment may involve orthotic devices, physical therapy, or, in severe cases, surgery to alleviate pain and restore normal foot and ankle function, improving the quality of life for those affected.

Toe deformities encompass various conditions that affect the alignment and shape of the toes.

Hammer toe is a deformity in which the toe joints bend abnormally, causing the toe to resemble a hammer's head. Mallet toe is a similar condition, but the abnormal bend occurs at the joint closest to the tip of the toe. Bunions, on the other hand, are bony protrusions that typically form at the base of the big toe, causing it to deviate toward the other toes and resulting in pain and inflammation. These deformities can result from genetics, improper footwear, or underlying medical conditions.

Treatment options range from wearing supportive footwear and orthotic devices to surgical intervention for severe cases, aimed at relieving discomfort and restoring normal toe function.

Fractures involving the foot and ankle can occur in various locations and have different implications for treatment and recovery.

• Ankle and calcaneus (heel bone) fractures often result from trauma, such as falls or sports injuries, and may require surgical intervention for proper alignment.
• Lisfranc fractures involve the midfoot and can be complex, potentially affecting multiple bones and joints. Treatment usually involves casting or surgery, depending on the severity.
• Hindfoot fractures encompass injuries to the back of the foot, which may affect the talus or calcaneus. These fractures can lead to instability and are managed with casting or surgery.
• Metatarsal fractures involve the long bones of the foot and may occur due to direct trauma or stress. Proper immobilization is key to healing.

Toe fractures are common and usually heal with rest and support. Treatment depends on the specific toe and fracture type. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for optimal recovery and minimizing long-term complications.