Neurosurgery

Spinal stenosis results from the narrowing of the spinal canal, leading to nerve compression and often causing significant leg pain during even short walks. This condition can manifest along the entire spine, including the neck, upper back, or lower back, and is particularly prevalent among individuals age 50 and above.

Tumors are abnormally growing cell masses in the body, classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors typically stay localized, while malignant ones tend to spread.

Intracranial or brain tumors are abnormal cell growths within the brain that often result in increased intracranial pressure. This pressure can damage brain cells, causing severe issues if left untreated. Symptoms include headaches, nausea/vomiting, vision changes, weakness on one side of the body, slurred speech, and coordination problems.

Spinal tumors lead to back pain, which can radiate to the limbs and worsen when lying down. Additional symptoms may include muscle weakness and sensory loss. These tumors can occur at any age but are more common in adults over age 40, especially those with a family history of such tumors, increasing their risk.

Degenerative disc disease is characterized by the gradual, persistent wear and tear of the discs cushioning the vertebrae in the spine, occurring throughout the neck, upper back, or lower back.

Common symptoms encompass pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected disc area. These symptoms can also extend to regions like the buttocks and legs. In certain instances, the condition may be asymptomatic, but seeking medical evaluation is crucial. Neglected degenerative disc disease can lead to complications such as herniated discs and loss of bowel or bladder control. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential for effective management.

Spinal injuries can affect different parts of the spine, including the neck (cervical spine), upper to middle back (thoracic spine), or lower back (lumbar spine).

These injuries primarily fall into two categories: disc or vertebral injuries and spinal cord injuries. Discs serve as cushions between spinal bones (vertebrae), while the spine safeguards the spinal cord—a nerve bundle linking the body to the brain. Trauma to the head or spine can harm discs, vertebrae, and potentially compress nerves, leading to various symptoms like pain and numbness.

Such trauma may result from car accidents, falls, violence, or sports-related incidents. Degenerative conditions like arthritis and osteoporosis can weaken bones and joints, increasing the risk of head or spine injury upon forceful impact.